Resident Population in Rock Island County, IL was 142.73100 Thous. of Persons in January of 2024, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, Resident Population in Rock Island County, IL reached a record high of 169.10000 in January of 1975 and a record low of 141.77500 in January of 2019. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for Resident Population in Rock Island County, IL - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on April of 2026.