Resident Population in Caroline County, MD was 34.24800 Thous. of Persons in January of 2024, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, Resident Population in Caroline County, MD reached a record high of 34.24800 in January of 2024 and a record low of 19.78100 in January of 1970. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for Resident Population in Caroline County, MD - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on April of 2026.